Equity and Trusts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Equity and Trusts - Essay Example The further disposition of that property will operate as a secret trust requiring that the person to whom the bequest is granted to comply with the wishes of the donor provided he agrees to hold the property for the benefit of another or by virtue of his silence he acquiesces.1 There is evidence that Tom acquiesced in Vito’s request because when Vito made the bequest of 100,000 pounds and pointed out that the proceeds were to be disbursed between Lucy and Santino. Tom did not respond. Therefore his silence will be construed as consent to Vito’s wishes. The case of Gold and Gilbert v Hill provides some guidance for the validity of secret trust of 100,000 to Tom to be held upon trust for Santino and Lucy. Gilbert designated Gold as his beneficiary for an insurance policy in the sum of 350,000 by virtue of a non-testamentary disposition. When executing the necessary insurance policy form, Gilbert provided information that defined Gold as the executor of his estate. At a later time Gilbert executed a Will, in which he named his solicitor the executor of his estate with his wife designated as the only beneficiary.2 Thereafter Gilbert became involved in an intimate relationship with Carol following which he informed Gold of the particulars contained in his bequest of 350,000 via the insurance policy. He pointedly advised Gold that ‘if anything happens to me you will have to sort things out. You know what to do - look after Carol and the kids. Dont let that bitch get anything.’3 Following Gilbert’s death Gold and Carol took the matter to court seeking declarative relief on the grounds that Gold held the insurance policy proceeds in the terms of a secret trust for the benefit of Carol. The court held that based on the evidence which consisted of the information contained in Gilbert’s insurance application form together with his communication to Gold, on a balance of probabilities, operated to

Case Assignment 2 Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment 2 - Case Study Example It goes without saying that Lynn Tilton carries a sense of charisma around her multifaceted personality, which is a combination of impressive glamour and a stark sense of business and an inspiring vision that seldom fails to impress people. People mostly end up getting enamored by her leadership skills and her resource savvy sense of management. One big thing about Lynn Tilton that makes her an astute manager and an insightful leader is her ability to carry and exercise authority. As a leader she is vehemently dedicated to her goals and does not mind being stringent if the need be. 2. One big positive leadership trait evinced by Lynn Tilton is her panache for being what she actually is. She does not mind cracking jokes about her personal life, affiliates to a glamorous sense of dress up in a corporate setup, decorates her office with somewhat bizarre seeming artifacts and art. It would not be wrong to say that people could not help being impressed by her straightforwardness and chari sma. However, this very same quality and traits could also be considered to be a negative aspect of Lynn Tilton’s leadership persona in the sense that she tends to too much mix her personal preferences with her business style. This could many a times could send wrong messages to the employees and colleagues and may disorient or confuse them. ... s that her style of leadership is somewhat dictatorial as she herself admits, which if taken too far may lead to suppression of individuality and free opinion amongst her employees. 3. Lynn Tilton does evince a situational approach towards leadership while managing the rusted assets she invests in. She pays a lot of stress on impacting and influencing the organizational culture of the company she tends to manage, so that she could make the company a success by introducing a new management and new products. Lynn Tilton is considered to be tough on the former employees of the companies she purchases. Perhaps this is so because being an astute situational leader she is very particular about gauging as to how every employee fits into her vision and the scheme of things to come. Moreover Lynn comes out to his employees as a humorous person and she is a good actor as she well understands how to adapt her leadership style to the situation at hand. Lynn evinces a great sense of self confiden ce and is not scared of being public about her life and preferences. She is a great believer in herself and the companies she happens to invest in. 4. Lynn is a transformational leader as she is internally motivated and uses her innate motivation and drive to influence the companies and assets she invests in. That is why Lynn has been able to convert many rusted assets she invested in into thriving and successful businesses. Like a true transformational leader, Lynn has the courage and the ability to make tough business decisions. The former employees of the companies she purchases tend to be weary of him because they know that she would not hesitate from making tough decisions if the need be. The big thing about Lynn is that the tough decisions she makes yield results because they align

Management of Amlodipine Influenced Gingival Overgrowth

Management of Amlodipine Influenced Gingival Overgrowth Surgical Management of Amlodipine influenced gingival overgrowth in Hypertensive patient. Abstract: Drug-influenced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is a serious concern both for the patient and the clinician. A number of local and systemic factors such as plaque, hormonal changes, drug ingestion, heredity can cause or influence gingival overgrowth. Certain anticonvulsants, immuno-suppressive drugs and a number of calcium channel blockers have been shown to produce similar gingival overgrowths in certain susceptible patients. Amlodipine is a comparatively new calcium channel blocker may induce gingival overgrowth in case of underlying inflammatory component. A 38-year-old hypertensive female patient on amlodipine (10 mg/day, single dose orally) since eight months, sought dental attention because of the resultant gingival overgrowth. Clinical examination, Medical history and histological assessment further helped to formulate a diagnosis of DIGO. Six weeks after phase-I therapy and drug substitution, undisplaced flap surgery was performed. The patient’s gingiva seemed to be normal at six month follow-up visit, with no signs of recurrence. Key words: Gingival overgrowth, Hypertension, Amlodipine, Undisplaced flap surgery. Drug influenced gingival overgrowth. Introduction: There are many factors (causal or modifying) involved in gingival overgrowth. Plaque accumulation on teeth causes gingival inflammation and may lead to inflammatory enlargement. Gingival overgrowth can be seen in patients with familial hereditary gingival fibromatosis, pregnancy, and leukemia. DIGO is a well-documented side effect of some pharmacologic agents, including, but not limited to, calcium channel blockers (CCBs), phenytoin, and cyclosporine[1,2 ]. It can be a serious concern for patients due to the concomitant unesthetic appearance and the formation of new niches for the periopathogenic bacteria [3]. Despite the relatively high prevalence of nifedipine-influenced gingival overgrowth, [4 ] amlodipine has less frequently been reported as the potential etiologic cause of gingival overgrowth[5] .Amlodipine is a comparatively new long acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker that is used in the management of both hypertension and angina. Unwanted effects associated with ch ronic usage of amlodipine are few and are mainly related to vasodilation. The pharmacological effects of these drugs are specific but the clinical and histological features of the enlargement caused by the different drugs are similar. The clinical appearance of DIGO is usually characteristic, although variants are seen depending on the location of lesions, the irritants involved and the extent of inflammation. As the condition progresses, the marginal and papillary gingival overgrowth and may interfere with speech, mastication and aesthetics. In the patients with preexisting periodontitis and DIGO the deepening of periodontal pockets and associated subgingival microbiota may increase periodontal attachment and bone loss. The surgical treatment is a definitive therapy for DIGO, in absence of spontaneous regression following drug substitution and phase-I Therapy. The common surgical technique is the simple excision of the excessive gingival tissue with– external bevel gingivectomy (EBG) or internal (reverse) bevel gingivectomy (IBG). The surgical approach of undisplaced full thickness flap, in this context, is more suitable to eliminate periodontal pockets (Pocket wall) in presence of adequate attached gingiva and to improve the alveolar bone morphology. In the present report, a case of amlodipine-influenced gingival overgrowth (AIGO) has been presented wherein the AIGO was treated in the following phases: (1) substitution of the drug , (2) thorough Phase-1 therapy, (3) surgical excision of the residual gingival overgrowth and (4) maintenance and supportive therapy. Case Description: A 38-year-old female patient was referred to us with complaint of swollen and bleeding gums in the upper and lower jaw. Past medical history revealed hypertension for which the patient received amlodipine (10 mg/day, single dose orally) for the last eight months. The patient had noted a gradual and painless enlargement of the gingiva for first 4 months and then she noticed bleeding gums. A generalized fibrous gingival enlargement with edematous marginal gingiva, owing to superimposed inflammatory component, was found throughout the maxillary and mandibular gingiva (Fig. 1A,B,C,D). Presence of generalized periodontal pockets (≠¥7-8mm) and clinical attachment loss (≠¥5-6mm) was a prominent feature of gingival overgrowth indicating a vertical enlargement of gingiva. Purulent discharge and bleeding on probing were detected which were in accordance with the inflammation. Treatment: On request, patient’s physician substituted amlodipine with Beta Adrenergic blocker (Atenolol), after which, patient was recalled for through scaling and root planing. Oral hygiene instructions, chlorhexidine mouthwash 0.2% of 10ml twice a day was prescribed. At follow-up after six weeks, residual inflammatory component of the enlargement resolved(Fig-2) but the gingival overgrowth needed definitive surgical treatment. Under adequate local anesthesia (xylocaine 2%), the pocket depth was marked, (Fig-3) an internal bevel incision was taken up to the alveolar crest. (Fig-4) Crevicular and interdental incision along the base of the pocket wall was released and full thickness mucoperiosteal flap was reflected. (Fig-5) The excised mass was stored in formalin for further histopathologic investigation. Scaling, root planning and curettage were completed. Osseous resective surgery, using carbide burs, along with copious saline irrigation was done to recontour thickened bony plates, le dges and deep interdental craters. (Fig-6) Flaps were trimmed and approximated using interrupted silk sutures. Routine post surgical instructions, a course of antibiotics and analgesics (Cap. Amoxycillin 500mg three times a day for five days and Ibufrofen 400 mg three times a day for three days) and 0.2% chlorhexidine was prescribed twice a day for fifteen days. Microscopic inspection of the gingival biopsy specimens demonstrated a connective tissue hyperplasia, acanthosis of overlying epithelium and elongated rete ridges together with inflammatory cells. Sutures were removed after 1 week. Healing was uneventful and the patient’s appearance and overall function improved considerably at six month follow up. (Fig-7) Oral hygiene instructions were given from first visit and reinforced in all subsequent visits. Discussion: Amlodipine is a second-generation dihydropyridine CCB that can cause gingival overgrowth. The prevalence of amlodipine-influenced gingival overgrowth has been shown to be between 1.7% and 3.3%[6,7]. Lafziet al.(2006) had reported rapidly developing gingival hyperplasia in patient receiving 10 mg/day of amlodipine within 2 month of onset. [8] The incidence of gingival overgrowth with nifedipine therapy has been reported to be as high as 20%, [9] and a study by Prisant (2002) [10] reported that the prevalence with the use of CCBs might be as high as 38%.Gingival overgrowth considered to be 3.3 times more common in men than in women [10] .The most common form is bacterial plaque–influenced gingival disease, which presents as gingivitis. Use of phenytoin, cyclosporine, and CCBs, as well as vitamin C deficiency, can also predispose to development of gingival overgrowth, as can hormonal shifts during pregnancy. The reason for these adverse events is not absolutely known, but mechani sms involving inflammatory and non inflammatory pathways have been suggested [11]. For example, individual sensitivity to a drug’s metabolic pathway might be a trigger [11]. Untreated gingival overgrowth might lead to bleeding, infection, abscess, ulceration, cosmetic deficiency and/or functional difficulty (eg, chewing, talking) [10]. Treatment of drug-influenced gingival overgrowth includes cessation/replacement of the drug and decreasing other risk factors with meticulous mechanical and chemical plaque control. Replacing the affecting drug with another agent is also recommended when possible[12]. In present case of DIGO patient was under treatment for hypertension since last 8 months and was prescribed tablet Amlodipin 10mg/day by her physician. Thorough SRP and replacing the Amlodipin with Atenolol was done. Drug substitution and thorough SRP did not result into regression of the enlargement. The surgical treatment is a definitive therapy for DIGO, in absence of spontaneous regression following drug substitution and phase-I Therapy. Classic gingival surgery primarily deals with the treatment of pockets – i.e., gingival sulci that are deepened due to a proliferation or an increase in bulk of gingival tissue in a coronal direction, with or without apical migration of the epithelial attachment. External bevel gingivectomy (EBG) and internal bevel gingivectomy (IBG) should be reserved for cases not responding to non surgical methods or severe cases that affect oral hygiene or functionality, or can be performed for cosmetic reasons. IBG approach has the benefit of limiting the large denuded connective tissue wound that results from the external gingivectomy, thereby minimizing postoperative pain and bleeding. It is accepted that gingival surgery (both EBG and IBG) is essentially limited to the treatment of pseudopockets. But if true pockets associated with bone defects are present then undisplaced flap surgery can be the treatment modality for the massive enlargement. The advantages of this technique are removal of pocket wall and osseous contouring simultaneously eliminating the gingival overgrowth and pocket in presence of adequate attached gingiva. In this case report undispalced flap surgery was performed for eliminating pocket and osseous contouring in presence of adequate attached gingiva. However regardless of the treatment option employed, regular maintenance and recall follow up are mandatory to achieve the long term success. Conclusion Gingival overgrowth is an overlooked but potentially harmful side effect of treatment with amlodipine and other calcium channel blockers and every physician should be aware of this, particularly if adverse oral symptoms arise during drug use. The amlodipine influenced gingival overgrowth in this case completely resolved when the patient was switched to Beta Adrenergic blocker (Atenolol) followed by surgical excision of the overgrowth. Another factor contributing to the excellent response to the therapy is the patient compliance in maintaining the oral hygiene. Lastly the patients’ documented data should be shared with the physician to gain his confidence and respect for the dental community. In addition, he will be motivated to refer patients with complains of gum swelling at a much earlier stage or in fact, advice dental consultation for improvement of oral hygiene before prescribing the list of drugs that may influence gingival overgrowth in presence of preexisting gingival inflammation. References 1

Hawthorne To Faulkner: The Evolution Of The Short Story Essay examples

Hawthorne to Faulkner: The Evolution of the Short Story Nathaniel Hawthorne and William Faulkner’s short stories â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† use a moral to endorse particular ideals or values. Through their characters examination and evaluation of one another, the author’s lesson is brought forth. The authors’ style of preaching morals is reminiscent of the fables of Aesop and the religious parables of the Old and New Testament. The reader is faced with a life lesson after reading Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown:† you cannot judge other people. A similar moral is presented in Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† The use of morals combined with elements of Romantic era writing show the stories of Hawthorne and Faulkner to be descendants both of fables and of Romance literature. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† tells the story of a young man who decides to league himself with the devil. Goodman Brown is a citizen of a typical town with its share of good people and not-so good people. Goodman Brown believed that he knew the inhabitants of the town fairly well. He knew Goody Cloyse, for example, to be â€Å"a very pious and exemplary dame, who had taught him his catechism in youth, and was still his moral and spiritual advisor, jointly with the minister and Deacon Gookin† (598). He knew Deacon Gookin was a strict man of the Church and was always â€Å"bound to some ordination or ecclesiastical council† (599). However, in his travels through the woods with the old man, Goodman Brown notices Goody Cloyse progressing down the path. â€Å"‘A marvel, truly that Goody Cloyse should be so far in the wilderness at nightfall,’ he [Goodman Brown] said† (598). Just as he begins to have doubts about the woman’s pureness of heart, he comes across Deacon Gookin in the woods as well. As they are supposedly fine, upstanding citizens of the village, Goodman Brown has to wonder why they are traveling through the woods on the same path that he is taking with the devil. Afterwards, he is astonished to see not only these two upstanding citizens at Satan’s ceremony, but almost everyone else in the town as well. It is through his assumption that his fellow townspeople were good that Goodman Brown learns the story’s most important lesson: namely that you should not judge people at face value; anyone can put on airs, and his encountering of the devil’s ceremony emphasize... ...b ¾that he was not a marrying man† (461). Later in the story, Faulkner makes reference to Emily’s possible necrophilia, although no direct statement is ever made. Homosexuality and necrophilia would in no way be topics to be discussed in Hawthorne’s time. As a modern writer, Faulkner had a considerable amount of freedom in what he wrote, and this freedom is reflected in his work. The short story began as fables and parables that evolved into more complex psychological studies of virtues, ideals, and values. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† emphasizes these morals as he examines the inner workings of his main character’s thoughts as he encounters the devil and the townspeople. Faulkner also uses these techniques in his modern style of writing, however he tailors them to fit the more controversial issue of his generation while still maintaining a hold on the past generation he is examining. Over time, values and ideals stay the same, but the manner in which the technique is used evolves with current affairs and modern vocabulary. Works Cited Charters, Ann. The Story and Its Writer: An Introduction to Short Fiction. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin’s Press, 1995.

Othello speech

Appearance verses reality is a philosophical question. We all know that what we perceive may not always be reality. Good Morning Yr 11 Students, I understand that you have been closely studying Othello, both Shakespeare and Davies' version. In your studies, you would have discovered many links between the two, through evident themes and values, displayed by many different characters.A theme I have discovered and would like to present to you today, is that of appearance verses reality and how it is altered due to the changing contexts of Shakespearean original Othello and Davies' screenplay Othello. This is evident through the use of the protagonist, Desman, in the way she carries and portrays herself. Within Shakespearean play, Othello, the theme of appearance verses reality, proves to us, through Desman, that what appears may not always be. This is due to Othello outlook on his wife.The character of Desman is seen to be quite the role model of a woman, in the 17th century England. W omen in that day and age were seen to obey the most dominant male in their lives, if they were married, it be their husbands, if they were not, it be their fathers. If a woman were to disobey her husband and/or be dishonest with him, it would seem out of character, as they were seen to be innocent, and naive. In that case, women sleeping with anyone other than her husband was morally wrong, and not expected.In Adhesion's case, she appeared to be innocent and naive when she is asked ‘Are you not a strumpet? And replies with ‘No, as I am a Christian'. She is also shown as not knowing what Othello had been accusing her of, and had remained true to her husband, therefore she is wronged and is what she appears to be. Whereas in Davies' screenplay version having being set three centuries later, a lot was different in the way the theme was portrayed.Women in the 20th century London, had more equal rights than woman previously did, so it was common for them to have their own fre edom. Due to this new found equality, it meant it was not a surprise if they slept around. Therefore Desman seems less innocent in this version, as it was a more common thing, to sleep around. Desman is portrayed as secretive, giving the signs she may have done wrong and is not what she appears to be. The fact that she has interest in Cassia in this version, also plants a seed of doubt in our minds about who she might be.Ago is also very persuasive in what he says to Othello about Desman sleeping around in her younger years, painting her out to be different to what we initially think. The context of this film does not suggest it is uncommon for people to sleep around, leading us and Othello to believe that Deities is dishonest. In this version, Deities being shown as secretive, is portrayed through a close up shot of Deities, revealing her mischievous facial expression, when Othello suggests the idea of Deities sleeping tit Cassia, she immediately pushes it away and attempts to dist ract him through flirting.In comparison to Shakespearean play, Deities is not seen to be as pure and innocent and thus in this screenplay version we, as an audience, are unsure of whether Deities is what she seems. From both these versions of Othello, we draw the conclusion that the theme of appearance verses reality, has been changed to manipulate the audience's perception of certain characters. I have presented this to you today, through the character Desman. We now see that what appears to be, may or may not be in reality.

Can Control of Written Language Create or Reinforce Power? Essay

By Daniel Whiting Language is the basis of communication between people, therefore if you ban the use of specific written language you are banning the communication of the ideas behind that language between people. People will still be able to formulate their ideas about the controversial subject but will find it difficult to spread the news on a large scale. This is because most widespread media is in written form like newspapers, books and most online content. In our history lessons we have studied the rule of Joseph Stalin and how he maintained total control over the USSR. He held strict censorship over the countries newspapers and any literature regarding the Soviet way of life and his riegn. Anything condemning the Bolshevik leadership or critisising them in any way was banned. This clearly helped stop the spread of anti- Stalinist feelings amongst the Russian people and helped grant Stalin unchallenged rule right up until his death. This is similar throughout many single party dictatorships in history for example Nazi Germany and Mao’s China. Many people may argue that banning certain written language is not a way to insure power. They argue that humans will create other words and phrases to get their ideas communicated. For example many famous fable writers even go as far as to disguise the meaning of their stories behind other language that does not literally mean the same thing. This way they could spread their criticism of the other without the risk of being accused of directly defying the ban. The banning of certain written language can have a negative effect on our gaining of knowledge. It is depriving our brains from gaining further information from which we can learn from and use in the future. It can be argued however that most of the banned written language in modern civilized countries in the west for example is banned for the protection of the reader and to stop the spread of problems like racism and sexism. It can be justified because of the fact that it is trying to protect the pillars of modern society rather than deceiving people into oppression that is commonly linked with countries ruled under a ruthless dictatorship. Controlling written language can be overcome through clever tactics that find a way around the ban. However it has been proven to significantly hinder the spread of ideas that may challenge one’s power therefore it can be a useful tool in enforcing and maintaining your power.