An Act of Kindness Free Essays

Helene Cooper 3/27/13 A Teenage Random Act of Kindness As an adolescent relatively few held a lot of trust in my future. I was continually in a difficult situation cutting school, battling, drinking liquor and simply had a by and large shocking mentality towards anybody that endeavored to sort me out. There were numerous explanations for my displeasure that this paper doesn’t warrant diving deep into. We will compose a custom exposition test on An Act of Kindness or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now I knew directly from wrong and I likewise realized that I wasn’t a â€Å"bad† individual. That being stated, I wound up suspended from school for 20 days after a genuinely merciless battle. Being that my suspension was for such a long time I was required to go to the Option Center in Lawrenceville for my center classes. My mornings presently expected me to take a transport from Mt. Washington to Downtown and another to Lawrenceville. My evenings just worked backward. My dad (who I hadn’t lived with since the age of three) presently thinking about me, gave me cash to eat every day. After my subsequent day was finished and I showed up Downtown, I was entering McDonald’s when I saw an old vagrant sitting with his canine. What caused him to appear to be so changed to me from the different vagrants that I had experienced was that he looked upbeat. This both got my interest just as confounded me. A man so apparently content with having what I thought was nothing. The third day was the equivalent. The equivalent the old man shrouded in earth with his little canine with tangled hair that coordinated his lords, sitting in the sun taking in the glow. As I left McDonald’s I gave the man my lunch. He acknowledged it with tip all over and I proceeded with my stroll to my next bus station. In the wake of strolling about a portion of a square I heard a rough voice shout â€Å"Hey! † I went to locate the elderly person strolling extremely quick after me with his pooch close by and holding the food and drink I had recently given him. Being a multi year old young lady, alone Downtown, I was somewhat alarmed most definitely. I started strolling quicker toward my goal when the man got up to speed to me. The man, exceptionally winded now, had one basic inquiry for me. â€Å"Is†¦ this†¦pop†¦diet? † I saw him confounded when he proceeded to clarify that he was diabetic. Now I felt both somewhat awful and senseless simultaneously for making this poor man pursue me for such an honest inquiry. The pop was not, indeed, diet. He expressed gratitude toward me and gave it back to me. I saw this man, whose name was Charlie, consistently during my suspension and consistently I gave him my lunch, continually ensuring the pop was diet. Step by step instructions to refer to An Act of Kindness, Essay models

A Raisin in the Sun – 5

â€Å" The entire course of mankind's history may rely upon a difference in heart in one single and even humble individual-for it is in the singular psyche and soul of the person that the fight among great and fiendishness is pursued and at last won or lost. † This statement talks about changes in heart. I accept somebody who has a change in any case, regardless of whether it’s in heart o whatever else, for good has developed and get dynamic. Dynamic is portrayed as a consistent change in action or progress. Maybe the most unique character in Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun is Beneatha in light of her adjustment in personality, vocation, and love.The first motivation behind why I accept she is the most powerful character is a direct result of her adjustment in character. During the start of the play Beneatha had straight hair, alongside every other person in her family that was a female. She delighted in and didn't worry about her straight hair; until Asagai call ed attention to that she was adjusting to society. He was talking about the demonstration of mimicking the conduct of some circumstance or some procedure by methods for something reasonably practically equivalent to, or a reproduction. He makes the contention that she ought to fix her hair since she should keep her unique routes.He starts to talk about being absorbed or, individuals of various foundations come to consider themselves to be a piece of a bigger national family. Something else that Beneatha to change her character was tune in to various sorts of music. She did this in the would like to demonstrate to her family she would not like to acclimate. She needed to demonstrate that she could remain consistent with her legacy. The following thing that persuaded that Beneatha is the most powerful character is her adjustment in profession. Despite the fact that Beneatha has picked a lifelong way, she isn't sure what she might want to do in her extra time.She addresses mother about figuring out how to play the guitar. Mom says, â€Å"Why you got the opportunity to bounce so starting with one thing then onto the next, child? † (Hansberry 47) Beneatha answers, â€Å"I simply need to figure out how to play the guitar. Is there anything amiss with that? † (Hansberry 47) â€Å"Ain’t no one attempting to stop you. I just ponders in some cases why you needs to dance so starting with one thing then onto the next constantly. You ain’t never done nothing with all that camera gear you brought home-â€Å", Mama says (Hansberry 47). She has sought after a few unique choices, yet she resembles a child in a treats store and has an incredibly troublesome time staying, or adhering to one thing.But the thing about her vocation that changes isn’t what she needs to do, however why she needs to do it. In the start of the play she discusses how she needed to be a specialist as a result of a sad mishap she saw as a kid. Her companions face split open before her eyes, and she thought, â€Å"Well that’s the finish of him. † But, one day he came back with only an essentially scar all over, and from that point forward she needed to be that individual to enable a youngster to live on. In any case, in the center of the play, she loses confidence and discovers all fantasies trivial, she dismisses everything that she once stood for.Asagai takes her back to the real world, and causes her understand that she can have any kind of effect and change the world, each individual in turn. Toward the finish of the play it currently turns out to be certain that she needs to help kids in Africa nearby of Asigai. The structure of why is changed in light of the fact that adoration gets blended inside her fantasies. My last motivation behind why I accept that Beneatha is a powerful character is a result of her in heart. George Murchison offers the best open doors for Beneatha and her family. Be that as it may, Beneatha goes to a fr ightening disclosure subsequent to going through a night with George.He says to her, â€Å"I don’t go out with you to talk about the idea of ‘quiet desperation’ or to hear about your musings †on the grounds that the world will continue thinking what it thinks in any case †â€Å"(Hansberry 97). After George’s takeoff, Beneatha is addressing Mama. She says, â€Å"Mama, George is an idiot †honest† (Hansberry 97). Despite the fact that George is a well off, attractive man, his shallowness turns into his severe defeat. Beneatha understands that she can show improvement over him, and that she merits superior to him. George is totally neglectful of her disclosure and believes that his sentiment is neither oblivious nor cruel.The incongruity in George’s proclamation is that Beneatha can have any kind of effect essentially by voicing her feelings and letting her quality made known. Indeed, even before George offered his ruthless remar ks to Beneatha, she was reconsidering her decision of partner. This is the point at which she starts to look further into the mystery that is Asagai. Joseph Asagai, a scholarly from Nigeria. Asagai says that Beneatha searches out the individuals who comprehend her hardships, her absence of a positive character, and her requirement for a scholarly relationship. As is valid with practically any young lady, what she thinks she needs and what she entirely are two strikingly extraordinary things.With two men competing for her heart, Beneatha must settle on a choice in regards to who is best for her. She at that point, toward the end the play, understands this is the man the she needs and ought to be with. Taking everything into account, As Beneatha’s interests change, so does what her identity is. Her ever-changing character assists with characterizing her as an assorted person. This is appeared through her adjustment in personality, vocation, and love. Perhaps who we are as an in dividual isn't such a great amount about what we do, but instead what we're fit for when we wouldn't dare hoping anymore. Never question oneself and don’t stress over what others think, on the grounds that occasionally change can be something worth being thankful for, and in some cases change is required.

IThe Difference In Life Expectancy Is Related To A Number Of Heath

IThe Difference In Life Expectancy Is Related To A Number Of Heath IThe Difference In Life Expectancy Is Related To A Number Of Heath Issues, One Being Type 2 Diabetes â€" Essay Example > IntroductionAccording to the World Health Organization health does not necessary mean the absence of illness or disease but it is the state of absolute physical, social and mental welfare (Australia Institute of Health and Welfare 2007). Eating health, exercising regularly and getting enough sleep play a significant role in disease prevention. However, a good social network, higher self esteem and continued personal growth also play an important role in our overall health. It has been observed that the Aboriginal people face more health difficulties than the other Australians. They have low life expectancy and experience more cases of disability and deteriorating quality of life. In 2003 it was estimated that 95,976 Aboriginal people in Australia suffer from numerous diseases and injuries. This represented 3.6% of the total number of disease and injury in Australia for a class of people that makes up to 2.5% of the total population. They mostly suffered from cardiovascular disease s, diabetes, chronic respiratory, cancer and mental disorders (Australian Institute of health and welfare 2008). This essay will tend to explain the factors which have contributed to the general decline in health among the Aboriginal people and at the end, come up with solutions to these health problems. The primary factors contributing to the decrease in the health of the Aboriginal people are socioeconomic factors, behavioral factors and environmental factors. We are be able to control some of these factors which influence our health and well being where as some are beyond or control capabilities (AIHW 2007). These factors are discussed below in detail; Socioeconomic factorsSocioeconomic factors have significant impact on the health and wellbeing of the Aboriginal people in Australia. Aboriginal people have lower incomes, low rates of employment, high rates of illiteracy and lower rates of home ownership than the other Australians (AIHW 2008). Aboriginal people are socioeconomic ally disadvantaged and so they are likely to engage in health risk behaviors such as smoking and drinking alcohol and violence which make them more vulnerable to certain diseases. For the period 1960-2001, it was estimated that the life expectancy of the Aboriginal people was 59 years for the men and 65 years for the women. This could only correspond to the life expectancy for the Australian men inhabitants in 1901 -1910 and the women inhabitants in 1920-1922 respectively. In contrast, the life expectancy for all Australians for the period 1998-2004 was 77 years for men and 82 years for women. This represented a disparity of almost 17 years (ABS 2006a). Education has impacted negatively on the general health of the Aboriginals. Lower levels of education are linked with lower income and low employment opportunities and vice versa (Raphael 2004). Lowly educated people or the so termed illiterate people have low skills and knowledge to lead a good health lifestyle and are also not in a position to have access to enhanced health care services. Most Aboriginals people are poorly educated and hence suffer from poor health (ABS 2006g). The other socioeconomic factor which impacts on the health of the Aboriginal people is employment. There are low rates of employment among the Aboriginal people (Raphael 2004). There has been higher rate of diseases, disabilities and mortality reported among unemployed people than among employed people (ABS 2006a). This is because unemployed people are not in a position to buy healthy goods and services such as nourishing food, afford a good house and quality health care which makes them suffers poor health. High rates of depression and low self esteem has been recorded among unemployed people due to the psychological and social effects associated with unemployment (AIHW 2007). There is also a strong relationship between occupation and health for those people who are employed. People who work in labor-intensive and jobs which requir e low skills are likely to experience ill health, more disability and higher mortality rates than people in management career (Marmot 2004). Most aboriginal people work in blue collar jobs which involve low skills and are poorly paid. These jobs also expose them to high risks of physical hazards such as collapsing of a quarry or land slides (Raphael 2004).

Essay Study Guide - 1115 Words

Study Guide for World Lit. Exam 2 1. What does Beowulf mean when he says that an undoomed man can escape death in battle if his courage is good? If you are undoomed you might be able to escape death if you fight well in battle. If you don’t fight well or bravely you still have a possibility of death. If you are doomed, no matter how you fight you’re going to die. 2. In what ways is the code by which Beowulf fights like the Greek heroic code and different? The Greek heroic code involves fighting bravely and winning honor and it is different because it applies to everyone and has a strong sense of doom. 3. Is there a good reason for Roland not to blow his horn when Oliver asks him to? No. It is an element of pride that he†¦show more content†¦Contrapasso is retribution for moral sin and that the punishment fits the crime. In hell the gluttons get to eat garbage for all of eternity. 10. In Dante’s â€Å"Inferno,† why are the souls in Hell there because they chose to be? People have free will and are capable of rational decisions. So because of that if a person chooses to be gluten they choose to go to Hell. 11. Discuss three reasons why Virgil is Dante’s guide through Hell. Virgil’s soul is stuck in limbo so he knows about Hell, the Aeneid is written about the underworld, and he is Dante’s model as a poet. 12. Why can Chaucer’s â€Å"The Miller’s Tale† be considered a parody of courtly love? Two unmarried men were interested in a married wife. The two men battle for a women and in the end everyone is hurt except the women. 13. Discuss Chaucer’s â€Å"The Pardoner’s Tale† as an illustration of the Pardoner’s unvarying sermon theme: Radix malorum est cupititas. Begin by translating the Latin phrase. The phrase means that money is the root of all evil. When treasure is found they all kill each other because of greed. He gives this sermon because it makes the congregation give more money that day, and he collects it. 14. In what ways do Sir Gawin and the Green Knight not follow the conventions of courtly love? Gawin was offered courtly love but he turned it down; however, he does keep it secret. InShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Importance of Heritage in Everyday Use829 Words   |  4 PagesAnswers. ENotes - Literature Study Guides, Lesson Plans, and More. Web. 14 Apr. 2011. http://www.enotes.com/everyday-use/q-and-a/what-theme-everyday-use-how-that-theme-2192. SparkNotes: Everyday Use: Analysis of Major Characters. SparkNotes: Todays Most Popular Study Guides. Web. 14 Apr. 2011. http://www.sparknotes.com/short-stories/everyday-use/canalysis.html. SparkNotes: Everyday Use: Themes, Motifs, and Symbols. SparkNotes: Todays Most Popular Study Guides. Web. 14 Apr. 2011. http://wwwRead MoreTuck Everlasting1373 Words   |  6 PagesMaterials Needed 1) Novel 2) Vocabulary journals 3) Writing journals 4) Paper 5) Pencil 6) Study guide questions 7) Dictionaries Day one: Monday-Prologue-chapter 5 *Start the lesson with asking the students to write a pro and con list about living forever? Would they want to live forever why or why not? * Have students fill out the anticipatory guide activity *give students the list of vocabulary words from prologue to chapter 5 *Before the students look up theRead MoreStudy Guide1489 Words   |  6 PagesEN1320 Composition I SYLLABUS AND STUDY GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS SYLLABUS.......................................................................................................................................................................1 Course Summary........................................................................................................................................................2 Learning Materials and References ..............................................Read MoreStudy Guide760 Words   |  4 PagesStudy guide for Microbiology Chapter 2 Name________________ 1. List and describe the sequence steps routinely used to identify bacteria. These are referred to as the â€Å"five I’s† in your text. 2. 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How the National Industry of Smuggling Harms the Economy...

Smuggling is the illegal transportation of goods or people, such as out of building into a prison , or cross an international border in volation of applicable laws or other regulation. There are various way to smuggle. These include the participation in illegal trade, such as in the drug trade etc. Smuggling severly harms the economy of a country in multidimensional ways. â€Å"Smuggling was not just a cottage industry, but a national industry.† Jim Sinclair Smuggling is an activity which involves the importation or exportation of goods by wrong or unlawful means with objective of evading taxes. Smuggling is an illegal method of conducting business. The principle causes of smuggling are greed for wealth ignorance and lack of nationalism.†¦show more content†¦RAWALPINDI: British Woman Jailed For Smuggling Drugs A court jailed a british mother of three for life for attempting to smuggle 63 kilogram of heroin out of the country. Markets and shops across the country are flooded with smuggled goods of any and all descriptions. Smuggled items through the borders of Iran, Afghanistan, China and the Afghan transit trade form a major part of the informal economy volume of which ranges between 50to60 percent of the formal economy, which is depriving the country of its rightful levies including excise and customs duty worth hundreds of billions of Rupees. Thousands of industrial units have been rendered sick, due to the availability of smuggled goods in open markets. Afghan imports under Afghan transit trade are actually arranged for back smuggling into Pakistan with the help of Afghan traders. It is not possible to determine the precise amount of revenue loss and size of black money or shifting of money abroad .revenue loss on account of smuggling of Afghan transit trade alone, as estimated by the World Bank, amounted to US during nine years from 2001to2009. Smuggling has now become a routine part of all economic activities in Pakistan which hardly raises any eye brows nor stirs the slightest fear of the law. Pakistan which hardly measuring and countering enormous revenue leakages and black money. Its size estimated to be three time the regular economy. People are bringing inShow MoreRelatedImmigration Is A Major Controversial Issue1471 Words   |  6 PagesScheurmann 5-4-2015 â€Æ' Immigration is a major controversial issue in today’s government. Some important matters include national security, the economic weight, escalation in drug and weapons trafficking, and human trafficking. Immigration is both beneficial and detrimental to many people, and our country. In my opinion the foremost concern regarding Immigration is National Security. â€Å"More than 10 million undocumented aliens currently reside in the U.S., and that population is growing by 700,000Read MoreMusic Industry And Its Effect On The Entire Industry1113 Words   |  5 Pagessome music fans may get their benefits from the pre-leaked CDs or illegally recorded products, the music smuggling and pirate have made negative impacts on the entire industry. The pirated music creates tort and serious threat toward the development of original music industry, violating the legitimate rights and interests of the original music manufacturers. As a result, the original music industry now is in a state of extreme instability with enormous losses. 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In the paper The Washington Times an article caught my interest called†D.C. seeks bans on smoking in national parks† written by Steven Dinan. In this article he stated that â€Å"Delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton wrote Park Service Regional Director Steve Whitesell saying she’s heard from constituents who fear breathing second-hand smoke while using national parks.†(Dinan, 2013) I don’t think they should. All througho ut the world people do things that is not always agreed with inRead MoreTransnational Crimes Are The Organization And Implementation Of Unlawful Business Ventures1337 Words   |  6 Pagesthe past decade transnational organized crimes has generated a substantial threat to national and international security. It has increased the need for additional public safety, public health, democratic institutions and economic stability around the world. Transnational criminals use organized violence and corruption to attain their objectives. 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An Unforgettable Day Free Essays

I will never forget the day I passed my written driver exam and got my permit. The instructor just informed me that I passed and he was reviewing the junior driver restrictions with me as I was full of smiles. Meanwhile, I looked over at my dad and he was staring at his phone with a strange look. We will write a custom essay sample on An Unforgettable Day or any similar topic only for you Order Now The instructor and I just ignored him and went on with our own business. â€Å"Excuse me sir, but I must take this call†¦Ã¢â‚¬  my father rudely interrupted. I was so embarrassed because there were signs all over the DMV office that read, cell phones must be turned off. He opened his phone and said, â€Å"Hello? The look on his face was unforgettable as he turned as white as a ghost. My dad didn’t need to say one word in order for me to know something was wrong, his face said it for him. My first thought was that someone was in the hospital or had died. Although no one had died, little did I know that phone call was going to change my life forever. The call was from the North Middleton Fire Department and they informed my father that he needed to get to the house as soon as possible. My dad was about to shut his phone when suddenly I heard my sister on the phone. All I could hear was her crying hysterically and screaming â€Å"Fire†! I had one thought going through my head at that moment, and it was my niece, Myleeah. Did my sister get her out of the house in time? She was only six months old and I adored her more than anything in the entire world. We ran out of the DMV office both in complete shock. Needless to say, my dad was driving like Jeff Gordon at Daytona. At this point I didn’t even know how to prepare myself. The thought of my house burning to the ground didn’t seem to be real. I kept telling my dad it probably wasn’t even that bad and to stop driving like a crazy man. The drive from the DMV office to my house is only a fifteen minute drive, but it felt like forever. Finally after running red lights and driving off the side of the road, we were half a mile away from the house. All we could see was black smoke filling the sky and floating ashes. This is when reality hit me and I thought not only did I lose my home, but also my baby niece. I began to break down in tears and pray that everyone was safe. We finally pulled into my neighborhood which was full of fire trucks, police cars, and black ash. Since all the roads were blocked off, we jumped out of the running car and started running to the house. The police tried to stop my dad, but he zoomed right by them. I attempted to follow him but the police officer grabbed my arm. â€Å"Let go, that’s my house! † I screamed at the top of my lungs. I then eventually caught up with my dad in front of the raging fire and we stood there in surprise. It was a hot, dry, windy August day and there was nothing the fire fighters could do, but watch it burn. I finally found my sister sitting in our neighbor’s yard with black ash all over her. As I began to approach her, I didn’t see her baby, Myleeah. I froze about three feet in front of her and felt my legs go numb. Myleeah? † I said under my breath with sorrowfulness. I was thinking that she was in the house burning to death, and someone had to do something. When I got enough courage to walk up to my sister and ask where Myleeah was, she informed me that she was safe in our neighbor’s house. Hearing that she was safe was the happiest moment of my life. I was full of joy and relief. At that point I didn’t care about all my clothes, jewelry, shoes, and purses; I was just delighted to hear my family was safe! My father walked over and sat in between us and put his arms around my sister and me. We sat there in silence as all the ashes of our belongings gently landed on us like snowflakes. Having my sister and father next to me, I realized all I cared about and all I needed was my family. People always talk about life changing events and now I know exactly what that means. I always thought that nothing traumatic would ever happen in my life, but I was obviously completely wrong. Now when I hear about or see someone else facing a hardship, I see the same pain that I once felt. My house burning to the ground changed my life and taught me many life lessons that I will carry within myself forever. First it taught me that life is not about materialistic things and you never realize what you have until it is completely gone. The most important thing in life is having your family members by your side and I was extraordinarily grateful to be able to see my father, sister and niece that next day. A big part of life is about making it better and taking anything that crosses someone’s path as a learning experience. I also now understand many challenges will come my way, but how I handle these challenges is what will make me a better person. How to cite An Unforgettable Day, Essay examples

Of Matrilocality and the Role of Women in a Village Election in Northern Thailand

Summary This article reviews Metrilocality societies in Thailand. It explores gender roles as defined by community customs in the region. The article traces the disputes arising before and after an election and highlights the role of women in solving these disputes. It also looks at the varied causes of the dispute. The article examines extended households in matrilocal societies.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Of Matrilocality and the Role of Women in a Village Election in Northern Thailand specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It also highlights the discrimination of women by men considered as family heads and shows that women despite being lower in the family hierarchy play a significant role of heading the households such as resolving disputes, engaging in economic activities to feed their families and helping their husbands to cope with new environments and family members. The article demonstrates how conflicts brought out the hidden role of women in the matrilineal societies (Bowie 2008:136-153). Central Issue Addressed The article assesses how matrilocality and matrillineality plays an important gender role in the politics, and brings out the paradox of women being important and simultaneously invisible in the politics. Importance of Central Issue Addressed The analysis assists in the understanding of Thai village electoral politics by factoring in the domain of women. It highlights the intertwining of the domain of women in the village cultures of matrilocal and matrilineal kinship. Use of Scholarly Literature The author uses scholarly articles to place his research in the context of the Thai woman domain. For example, the author refers to literature in bringing out the history of the Thai woman, noting that the ignorance of the fact that Thailand was the first country to give women rights to vote has been a source of androcentric bias in political studies. The author also re fers to social drama literature while studying the interpretation of domestic and political issues in the Thai village context. The author uses literature to illustrate the significance conflicts as one of the fundamental aspects constituting a society. In describing the nature of matrilocal residency and the household’s kin the matrilineal villages, the author cites literature covering the customs and traditions of the Thai people. Furthermore, the author points out the characteristics of the Thai households in relation to general theories of social organizations (Bowie 2008:136-153). Analysis of Original Author’s Material The author’s material is an ethnographic study; a compilation of the findings that the author examined and experienced while living among the Thai people and participation in their daily lives for a period of 30 years to the extent of assuming bias positions in her opinions in local politics. During the fieldwork, the author looks at the issu e of village politics and personally experiences the roles of the women as well as their interventions in their various households.Advertising Looking for critical writing on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the author notes how husbands despite being the heads of their families have no choice but to vote in accordance with their wives political affiliations, an issue that brings conflicts between the husband’s parent family and their wives family. While witnessing the conflicts, the author further gains insight into the context of women’s simultaneously disappearance and appearance in the running of matrilineal households(Bowie 2008:136-153). Research Method The author studies the history of the Thai people in relation to matrilocality and then examines the political environment of a Thai village. In order to bring out findings to the reader, the author offers a narration of four case s of conflict that highlight women visibility and invincibility in relation to their assigned roles in the matrilocal residences under study. Strengths and weaknesses The author majorly relies on her understanding of the Thai village households, and only consults academic literature strengthens her opinion. As a source of bias, this fact makes the research weak. However, the ethnographic nature of the study puts the author positions to presents her findings as credible. Secondly, use of actual cases in presenting the study findings bring out clearly the issues examined by the author, leaving little room for research gaps (Bowie 2008:136-153). Reflection The article has provided a deeper understanding of kinship, in defining women roles in the matrilineal societies of the Thai people. The article has highlights decent in matrilineal societies. The composition of matrilocal residences and households in Thai villages stands out from the article. It has also highlighted the role of cere monies and customs in fostering kinship relations while highlighting how husbands after leaving their parents, freely embrace the customs of their wives families (Miller 2010:204-214). The article has also highlighted how household’s patterns are changing as in the example of the Thai women gaining rights to vote and becoming more visible in the household (Miller 2010:220-221). References cited Bowie, Katherine 2008 Standing in the Shadows: of Matrilocality and the Role of Women in Village Elections in Northern Thailand. Theme issue, American Ethnologist (35)1: 136-153 Miller, Barbara, with Penny Van Esterik and John Van Esterik 2010 Cultural Anthropology. 4th edition. Canada: Pearson Education CanadaAdvertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Of Matrilocality and the Role of Women in a Village Election in Northern Thailand specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This critical writing on Of Matrilocality and the Role of Women in a Village Election in Northern Thailand was written and submitted by user Brady W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Federal Government Essays - E-commerce, Standards Organizations

Federal Government Essays - E-commerce, Standards Organizations Federal Government Electronic Commerce and - FACNET - Electronic Commerce Electronic Commerce (EC) is a concept whereby the acquisition of supplies and services is conducted via a paperless exchange of business information through computers. This new approach to procurement activity requires agreed upon formats and standards by which computers can communicate to each other and transfer information back and forth. This exchange of information is defined as Electronic Data Interchange, or EDI. The Federal Government?s recent attempts to streamline Government and reduce costs have focused on the potential of Electronic Commerce to help in achieving these goals. A Brief History of EC, EDI and FACNET FACNET stands for the "Federal Acquisition Computer Network". It is "the Government wide Electronic Commerce/Electronic Data Interchange (EC/EDI) systems architecture for the acquisition of supplies and services that provides for electronic data interchange of acquisition information between the Government and the private sector, employs nationally and internationally recognized data formats, and provides universal user access." FACNET, simply stated, is the EDI standardized format by which the Federal Government will proceed in it?s quest to establish electronic commerce for Federal Government procurements. The groundwork for FACNET began with the National Performance Review, initiated on March 3, 1993. This six month intensive review of the Federal Government had as its goal the creation of a Government that worked better and cost less. The report generated by the NPR was the first in a series of steps to improve Government efficiency, and it described approximately 100 actions and recommendations by which to improve government. The Federal Government?s complex acquisition process, which procures over $200 billion worth of supplies and services each year, was identified as one area in which major, readily obtainable savings could be attained if a systematic reform of the acquisition process were implemented. Benefits for the government and its suppliers, as noted in the NPR report, were: Government BenefitsSupplier Benefits Lower PricesImproved profitability and cash flow Increased competitionIncreased opportunity to participate in government acquisition Increased buyer productivityIncreased operating efficiency Better management informationImproved payment process Reduced acquisition time and costs Better inventory control The President?s Executive Memorandum of October 26, 1993, "Streamlining Procurement Through Electronic Commerce", was issued as a result of the NPR recommendations. It noted that by moving to EC, the acquisition process would promote customer service and cost-effectiveness. Access to Federal contracting activity would also be increased for the more than 300,000 suppliers currently doing business with the government. Issued to the heads of executive departments and agencies, it established the objective of streamlining acquisition through the use of electronic commerce. Specific objectives established by the President for EC were: 1. Exchange acquisition information electronically between the private sector and the Federal government to the maximum extent practicable. 2. Provide businesses, including small, small disadvantaged, and women-owned businesses, with greater access to Federal acquisition opportunities. 3. Ensure that potential suppliers are provided simplified access to the Federal government?s EC system. 4. Employ nationally and internationally recognized data formats that serve to broaden and ease the interchange of data. 5. Use agency and industry systems and networks to enable the government and potential suppliers to exchange information and access Federal acquisition data. Implementation of EC was to be implemented via the following milestones, and was to be accelerated where practicable. 1. By March 1994 define the architecture for the government-wide EC acquisition system and identify executive departments or agencies responsible for developing, implementing, operating, and maintaining the Federal electronic system; 2. By September 1994 establish an initial EC capability to enable the Federal government and private suppliers to electronically exchange standardized requests for quotations, quotes, purchase orders, and notice of awards and begin government-wide implementation; 3. By July 1995 implement a full-scale Federal EC system that expands initial capabilities to include electronic payments, document interchange, and supporting data bases; 4. By January 1997 complete government-wide implementation of EC for appropriate Federal purchases, to the maximum extent possible. FACNET Establishment The Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act (FASA), signed into law on October 13, 1994, established the Government EDI network used for broadcasting solicitations. FACNET (Federal Acquisition Computer Network) was established as the government network to be used for broadcasting solicitations and information between the private sector and the Federal Government. In accordance with FASA, each Federal agency began developing their FACNET capability, led by the Electronic Commerce Program Management Office (ECPMO) of

How to Use the French Word Du Tout

How to Use the French Word Du Tout The French word du tout, which is pronounced, du too, means (not) at all. It has a normal register. Usage The French expression du tout emphasizes a negative word, most commonly the negative adverb pas. When used with pas, du tout can be placed either right after it or else at the end of the sentence; the latter is a bit more forceful. Je naime pas du tout courir. / Je naime pas courir du tout. I dont like running at all.Il na pas du tout changà ©. / Il na pas changà © du tout. He hasnt changed at all.Elle na pas du tout didà ©es. / Elle na pas didà ©es du tout. She doesnt have any ideas at all. In response to a question, du tout can be used on its own or with pas to mean not/none at all. Veux-tu aller au cinà ©Ã‚  ? -Du tout. / Pas du tout. Do you want to go to the movies? -Not at all.Tu nas pas dargent  ? -Du tout. / Pas du tout. You dont have any money? -None at all. Du tout can also be used with other negative words: Il na rien fait du tout ce matin. He did nothing at all / He did absolutely nothing this morning.Personne du tout nà ©tait la plage. There was no one at all / There was absolutely no one at the beach.  Il ny a plus du tout de cafà ©. Theres no coffee left at all.Elle est partie sans pleurer du tout. She left without crying at all.

Should the US Pull Their Troops out of Iraq Essay

Should the US Pull Their Troops out of Iraq - Essay Example However, during Gulf War I most of Saddam's weapons were destroyed and, with the country under a very strict embargo since then, it is virtually impossible he could have accumulated such an arsenal. Experts often argue that the US should not be trying to re-build a nation according to its own values. Additionally, it is believed that the presence of US troops in the area is fuelling the civil war that is taking place there. During the years following the Golf War I, the US bombed Iraq daily killing thousands of Iraqis and it is thus not surprising that the Americans are viewed as occupiers. Many Iraqis firmly believe that America has come to conquer and not to aid them. In terms of the economic cost, it was L. Lindsey, President Bush’s economic adviser, who several years ago suggested that the cost of the war would reach $200 billion. Since then, this has been proved to be a serious underestimation: the US Congress has already spent in the order of $357 billion for military op erations, reconstruction works, enhanced security at US bases and foreign aid programs in Iraq and the neighbouring Afghanistan. Therefore, if the reasons to start the war were: 1) liberation of Iraq of the regime of terror imposed by Saddam; 2) the establishment of a democracy; 3) self-defence and elimination of any weapons of mass destruction; and 4) protection of the Middle East; and these issues have now been resolved (liberation of Iraq has been achieved and Saddam has been tried and executed for the crimes he committed.; a democracy or at least a new government selected after democratic elections has started to exercise power; weapons of mass destruction were never found; there is no risk that a country in ruins will try to attack or invade the neighbouring countries-even when Saddam was alive this was quite a remote possibility) What is the presence of the US troops in the area achieving The answer is simple: nothing. From an international point of view, the presence of US troops is only aggravating the problem, increasing the possibilities of a bloody civil war. From a domestic point of view the deployment of troops in Iraq weakens the US military power; it detracts attention from other issues, such as international terrorism and the situation with North Korea and Iran; and the economic and human cost has risen significantly. While an early withdrawal of the troops has been announced by the British government, President Bush has confirmed an additional 21,500 additional troops will be sent in (Harding and Hardern). Is he seriously damaging the image of the US and its international credibility Many believe he is Should the US continue to support Israel There are many reasons for the existing strong relationship between Israel and the US. First, the US was the first country to recognize the state of Israel. Secondly, the US has maintained a very profitable arm trade with Israel for a number of years. Thirdly, Israel is a very useful non-NATO ally that has a very strategic location in the "explosive" Middle East.

Students Attending Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Students Attending - Case Study Example This forms a need for research to determine the nature of factors that are intent on making this a challenge and a rising concern. It has been noted that since its inception in the United States, the government continually funded the HBCUs in a bid to raise the number of students from the black minority that are getting higher education. However, the dwindling financial aid to the low-income students and the increased competition from the predominantly white institutions is proving to be a challenge amongst these students. Private colleges and universities did not build up a solid financial base and this has caught up with them at the moment since it is very difficult for them to raise money for institutional resources and the ability to fight of financial starvation in the increasingly competitive environment. The institutions are also fighting for a share in the government support and this financial stand off is really affected the students as the academic experience is not is not of quality (Gayla, 2009). Social factors often have been identified as critical in the success of the African-American students. It was hypothesized that students who participated in social activities are more likely to remain at the university. This is due to social integration and academic integration. This has improved their participation in the academic sector and this implies that this is a good way of relieving stress and increasing performance (MacKay & Kuh, 2004). It is revealed that the environment of predominantl y-White institutions can be more alienating than the environment at historically-Black institutions (Loo & Rolinson, 2006), while attending a historically-Black institution is related to satisfaction with the overall college experience. Unstructured socialization has been seen as the most predominant cause of time wastage among the black students. This has made the people to have less time to do their studies and also less time to attend to the class work. However, individual background and differences have been found out to have a great toll in the way that they adopt to time management schedules and the rate at which they focus in class (Gayla, 2009). This dictates their performance as lack of attention directly affects the there attention status of the students. Perceived stress is another case where the students face clear and distinct analysis of their own feelings about the recurrent issues in their lives. It is true that the hardships they face on a daily basis are enough to make the students feel very disturbed. This makes them not concentrate in class and perform poorer in their academics. The major problem is the racial segregation and also the way in which they can attain basic necessities and the need to be top in what their academics. It is therefore important for researchers to come up with a way to fix these problems and assist the black minority kids in these HBCUs and in the PWI to excel and match the other lucky children from the dominant groups. The basis of this research is in consideration of these factors and also in consideration of the minority groups that have no voice in policy making. It entails the steps that can be taken to help the kids remain in school and also have equal opportunities like the rest of the students in their midst.

Dynamics of Modernity: Berman Canclini

Dynamics of Modernity: Berman Canclini Compare and contrast Marshall Bermans and Nestor Garcia Canclinis account of the dynamics of Modernity To be modern is to live a life of paradox and contradiction. It is to be overpowered by the immense bureaucratic organizations that have the power to control and often to destroy all communities, values, lives; and yet to be undeterred in our determination to face these forces, to fight to change their world and make it our own. (Berman:1983:13-14) Modernity has long been hailed as one of the most powerful forces to have emerged in the world, with the capacity, according to Marx, to move mountains, and to ensure that all that is solid melts into air. Within the statement by Berman that begins this essay, we can see one of the dynamics that has created this impression. Modernity, despite its deeper roots, begins to be talked about by a series of thinkers who combine a high degree of abstraction with a imperative to act. Thus Marx argues for huge motors of historical telos that exist outside of our will, and at the same time argues for an immanent need to change historical conditions. This relationship between abstraction and concreteness is perhaps the most fundamental dynamic of modernity. It gives rise to the planned economies of communism, and the controlled biopower of modern states that Foucault (1998) talks about, which attempt to rule over the function of life itself. At the same time is gives rise to what Badiou (2005:12 ) calls the passion for the real; the search for an authentic existence in the absence of the certainties with which previous epochs lived. What is crucial about these two movements is the way in which they inflect each other. The idea of authentic will becomes possible only with the collapse of grand narratives and the rise of administered life, and the administered life then uses the same notion of self-fulfilment within consumerism to further be able to administer biopower. It is this covalence that is fundamental to modernity, and which this essay will argue is entirely misunderstood by Berman. One of the reasons for this is that, as Braudel (1995:14) notes, â€Å"each civilisation tends to overestimate its own objectivity.† Likewise, each age tends to see itself as more unique than the last. However, this is particularly a problem with the period called modernity because during this period it was thought reason could break with the past, and a utopia of the state was possible. We can see this legacy in both the Communist economies and in the artistic movements such as Marinettis futurism, which had as its mot to: â€Å"make it new.† It is precisely this trap that Berman falls into: confusing the ideas of modernity with the effects of modernisation. In fact, Bermans fetishished notions of will and authenticity, played out in the ahistorical telos of his modernist planar development, resemble nothing as much as a 19c treatise on the movement of history. Perhaps part of the reason for this is the combination of Bermans European sources with his background in the strong individualist tradition of American pragmatism, as we can see in his first book (1970). Canclini stands just south of Berman, but from the perspective of Mexico, modernity is a not a finished project to be talked about nostalgically in the way Berman does. Because this project is unfinished, Canclini is much better placed to understand the complex and intertwined relationship between what is constructed as tradition and what is constructed as modernity. His notion of hybridity, placed in the context of a heavy reliance on Gramscis theory of hegemony, allows one to understand that supreme category of modernity: tradition. For instance, Canclini notes (1995a:53) that there is no clear line between popular and hegemonic culture, because (ibid:75) peasant culture is necessary for capitalism as a symbol of national identity and because (ibid:83) it offers the construction o f a hegemony through the management of cultural fragmentation.† Thus modernity can be seen here as a hybrid form whereby old identities are mobilised rather than changed and uprooted. Canclini understands that modernity, if it means anything, means a change in underlying structure rather than the type of cultural universalism which lies as the undertone of the work of Berman. This essay will consider how Berman sets up the dynamics of modernity within this ahistorical schema, and argue, as previously alluded to, that he misses the important aspects of the relation. It will also be argued that Canclini, within his much more modest project, understands the underlying dynamics of the abstract and the concrete to a far greater degree. Perhaps Bermans problems begin with his tripartite division of modernity into modernity, modernisation and the modern, without every looking at how these categories are mutually constitutive of each other. Modernity, Berman explains is (1983:15): â€Å"a mode of vital experience – experience of space and time, of the self and others, of lifes possibilities and perils.† Bermans book is more of an evocation than a scholarly argument, but nonetheless is seems pertinent to insist on some evidence for such a claim: did other ages not experience space and time? The problem here is not simply that Bermans generalisations do not tell us anything about modernity, but that they conceal the real dynamics of the process. For instance, Berman often insists on the sense of newness, of authentic experience, within modernity. Yet understood as what Berman construes it to be, the sense of the new is not an experience particular to modernity at all. What is important here about the dynam ics of modernity is the way in which the experience of the new, what Berman calls modernity, is an essential part of the process of modernisation. This has been argued well by one of Bermans claimed inspirations, Walter Benjamin, whose Arcades Project (2002) traces the way in which a sense of wonder was used to create the consumer sensibility. This is also laid out in the work of Canclini, who chronicles the powerful political effect created by constructing modernity as something to come – around which one can mobilise people towards new identities and on new political projects. However, this is a discursive effect, rather than a fundamentally new ontological possibility for the modern subject, and Berman asserts the latter as a property of the former without giving a single argument. Instead, Berman (1983:15) gives us evocation and adjective, one strung after the other. The underlying dynamic of modernity for him is: â€Å"modernity is a paradoxical unity, a unity of disunity: it pours us all into a maelstrom of perpetual disintegration, of struggle and contradiction, of ambiguity and anguish.† Underlying all this purple prose is Marxs statement, that inspires the books title, that all that is solid melts into air. Yet what Marx is talking about is the ability of capital to undermine use-value and create a world of people alienated from their labour and extracted of surplus value. Now one can take issue with Marxs account, (as Baudrillard (1983) most usefully does by pointing out that use-value is also a fetishisation, this time of authenticity, and that the original alienation occurs with the construction of value) but what he draws attention to is the way people see the imaginaries of capitalism as real: capital is perceived by people in Marx as somethin g actually existing, rather than a maelstrom of perpetual disintegration. Here, Berman fails to give proper account of why he diverges from Marx. What can we salvage from Bermans account of the dynamics of modernity? It is true to say that the political subject in modernity was thought of as massively flexible and capable of continual reinvention. Though it must be added that this notion has much broader historical roots that Berman gives credit for: one can already see it in Machiavellis (2004) notion that people are capable of masking their intentions and this constitutes the basis for politics. However, this continual possibility for reinvention led to some of the most firm sets of continuities the world has seen for some time: the idea of class war, the tradition of the French bourgeoisie, and the modern state. Berman writes off in a few lines most of the great thinkers who have analysed this mutually constitutive relationships, Adorno here meriting a line. Canclini, in contrast, is alert to the way the supposed newness of modernity function to preserve power, and in his account of modernity in Mexico draws attention to th e the way newness is made a continuity of ritual and hegemonic power. Berman then separates out modernization as the social process that brings this maelstrom into being. In doing so he outlines some clear divisions between the phases of modernity. These phases resemble nothing so much as the clear evolutionary steps of early modern thinkers like Morgan. In doing so he makes a mockery of the patient work of people like Arrighi (1994), who have worked to uncover all the continuities that exist between different periods. Furthermore, his account is not even internally consistent. There is insufficient clarity in his work as to the difference between the 19C and 20C: Pushkin and Biely are made manifestations of the same movement, despite the widely different impulses that inform their work. What Canclinis work manages to do very well is to understand the way in which modernity, more than any other epoch (for it is the epoch of men who make history themselves without reliance on religious narratives) is complicit in its own construction of history. He trac es the way in which history is used as a political tool, and that the function of the type of planar divisions Berman uses is to extract a continuity from a succession. Which is to say that such divisions function as a political tool to extract a notion of destiny and objective inevitability from a history which is contingent and uncertain. Bermans one-sided and simplistic reading of modernity reaches its apex in his account of the American city. His account is a one sided view of power, as if Le Corbusier had artfully created American cities and all the modern man needed to do was stand up against this bloody tyrant. Canclini (1995b: 743-755) charts the way in which the modern man is complicit in the spaces that he builds, and that the solution is to problems of alienation that occur in such spaces is not some type of revolt by a careful reworking of the practices and delimitations of space that occur in the city. It is working through the very dynamics of modernity that one resolves its problems, and to do so requires an understanding of their complex inter-relation. Such an understanding is accurately posed by Jameson (1992:335) in his understanding of how it was the very construction of space in Los Angeles that led to the possibility of that constructions overthrowing. Furthermore, Berman misunderstands how contest ed Le Corbusier is in architectural theory. He fails to see the varying currents that inform modernity and that produced a diverse and heterogeneous formation of space, even within Le Corbusiers own school (Rabinow: 1991). Theoretically, he also fails to see what De Certeau (2002:19) has persuasively argued for, which is that it was the very relationship of time and space in modernity that leads states to forget the possibility of space. He argues that the spatial organisation laid out by the modern state was predicated on a notion of time as mode of organisation (e.g. wage labour) and a possibility of reinvention which necessarily allowed the particularities of space (as somewhere one has a proper place and a tradition that cannot be reinvented) to left to the people. Thus the conditions for contesting the state in modernity emerges from the intertwining of the micro and macro processes. These complex processes are ignored by Berman, because he is looking for a will-to-power to set against what he sees as the large bureaucratic structures of modernity. This is why he is so against Foucault, who attempts to set out the co-relation between these things. In attempting to find human creativity outside of any sort of system (though without offering any kind of rigorous account of how that might be achieved) he gives to much credit to bureaucratic systems. Canclini, in understanding how the four divisions of modernity he sets out (the rationalising, renovating, emancipatory and democratising projects) are frequently in conflict and lead to a conflicting and contested legacy, is in a much better position to understand. Ultimately, Bermans work seems as if it was written with a long nostalgia to badly understood 19C authors. He uses a notion of freedom as fetishised will (where he deploys what one could reasonably call a notion at all) without understanding that the development of modernity has destroyed this very category. As Zizek (1999:389) artfully pointed out it is the search for the real, for fetishised will, that, when not placed in a grand narrative, ends up in indulging in its simulacrum; the real emptied of risk. Likewise, it is the bureaucratic form of government that has led to the globalisation and decentralisation of its own form. These processes are ignored by Berman, who sees modernity as a universalism, even if a contradictory one, issuing like a new beacon of hope from a centre in Europe. Canclini understands modernity as a hybrid formation that cannot be tied to Europe, and has begun to chart the complex ways that modernity brings to bear on itself, and construct it own legacy. Bibliography Arrighi, G. 1994: The Long Twentieth Century. London: Verso. Badiou, A. 2005: La Sià ¨cle. Paris: Seuil. Baudrillard, J. 1983: For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign. London: Telos. Benjamin, W. 2002: The Arcades Project. Harvard: HUP. Berman, M. 1983: All that is Solid Melts into Air: Experiences of Modernity. London: Verso. Berman, M. 1970: The Politics of Authenticity: Radical Individualism and the Emergence of Modern Society. New York: MacMillan. Braudel, F. 1995: A History of Civilisations. London: Penguin. Canclini, N. G. 1995a: Hybrid Cultures: Strategies for Entering and Leaving Modernity. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. Canclini, N. 1995B: Mexico: Cultural Globalization in a disintegrating city. American Ethnologist. Vol. 22, No. 4: pp. 743-755. de Certeau, M. 2002: The Practice of Everyday Life. Berkeley: UCP. Foucault, M. 1998: The History of Sexuality: The Will to Knowledge. London: Penguin. Jameson, F. 1992: Postmodernism: Or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. London: Verso. Machiavelli, N. 2004: The Prince. Oxford: OUP. Rabinow, P. 1991: French Modern: Norms and Forms of the Social Environment. Mass: MIT. Zizek, S. 1999: The Ticklish Subject: The Absent Centre of Political Ontology. London: Verso.

Economic control Essay

Traditionally the reasons of the rules and regulations were to control human relations in an effort to make the behaviors of other individuals known (Pennell, pp3). rules are also employed to provide other purposes, these includes punishing offenders, providing social economic control, banishing private retribution, deterring criminal acts and reflecting public opinions (Pennell, pp3). Conventionally prevention of crime was intended provide advice on defensive behaviors and security. On the other hand laws are supposed to be malleable and should serve as a tool of social engineering (Pennell, pp4). They are supposed to be transformed with arrival of new thoughts and societal changes. The human rights and needs of victims of crime are essential aspects of criminal justice systems, especially currently, as the issues of victims have emerged since 1970s. Since 1970s, legal and emotional reactions of the nation have changed dramatically and currently more attention is being paid on restorative justice. There are many activities that are involved in restorative justice (Pennell, pp6). In order to give an insight of the various forms that restorative justice is taking and the activities that are involved this paper will focus on practices, origin context and limitations of restorative justice (Pennell, pp6). Victims Rights The current legal codes in federal government evolved from the conventional codes and attempts to define and deal with criminal behaviors. The aim of the codes is to focus on the deviant behaviors of the criminals and they rarely focus on the victims and their needs. The primary focus of the law is to deter the criminal activities (Aldana-Pindell, pp45). Several decades ago within the federal government when reconciliation for victim offenders was being set restorative justice did not exist within the criminal justice system (Brown & Bunnell, pp87). Restorative justice has evolved currently within the criminal justice system in recent years following philosophical writings of van ness and others. Various debates which have been held have facilitated the emergence of processes within the restorative justice such as impact panels, conferences, sentencing circle etc (Aldana-Pindell, pp45). Since 1970s several practices and programs have assisted to develop the restorative justice moments. Early practices for restorative justice were focusing on the moderated meetings involving the offenders and the victims (Aldana-Pindell, pp46). As time went by the meetings were expanded and included friends and family members from the two parties. The meetings also included professionals and other individuals who had access of public resources. In recent years the system has paid much attention on the participation and involvement of members of the community (Normandeau, pp34). In 1970s some practitioners and scholars believed that offenders are victims of social neglect, poor societies and racial, ethnic and gender discrimination. As a result the advocates of restorative justice focused to change the conditions in the prison, reduce incarceration use and eliminate prison and jails as institutions (Normandeau, pp34). In this regard there are some individuals who were seeking to make a caring society instead of prisons and jails that would address the issues of victimizers and victims (Brown & Bunnell, pp92). The activists of caring communities brought the issue of interests of the victims in the criminal justice system in a progressive manner rather than focusing on the right of the victims (Meister, pp54). In 1970s and 1980s the population of people in the prisons in United States was becoming progressively overcrowded and contributed to the use and popularity of intermediary sanctions (Aldana-Pindell, pp47). However, during this time restorative justice and mediation of victim offenders were not common within the criminal justice systems as alternatives. The establishment of boards of societal justice and centers for neighborhood justice in the federal government reflected their wishing to achieve more justice and this was characterized by public participation and casualness (Aldana-Pindell, pp49). These were new forms of resolution of conflicts in the late 1970s and they showed a developing disenchantment which involved trial procedures of adjudication and finding facts in accordance to adherence to strict legal principles. On the other hand the systems in resolution of conflicts placed much importance on negotiation, agreements between the disputants and placed less importance on the role of legal professionals (Aldana-Pindell, pp49). In mid 1970s reconciliation programs in the United States were introduced for victim offenders. These programs were based on the principles of Mennonite that focuses on dialogue and exchange (Marshall, pp20). Reconciliation programs involved offenders and crime victims meetings after being sentenced and included impartial third party. Reconciliation programs for offenders and victims aimed at restoring good relationship that is supposed to exist between the parties. The proponents of these programs were focusing to establish a good working relationship and use of principles of religious institutions and also as an option to incarceration (Marshall, pp21). In the rate 1970s advocates and the victims increasingly focused on mediation rather than reconciliation programs for offenders and victims’ interactions. However, the model of the mediation program was similar to models of reconciliation program, although additional individuals affected by the differences would be involved in the meeting, especially when addressing serious crimes (Meister, pp57). Mediation programs for offenders and victims were developed in western part of Europe, Scandinavia and England in the end of 1970s and early 1980s, and were use primarily to handle justice cases for the youths. Since 1980s the programs have shown a significant growth in the United States and other nations (Marshall, pp22). Progressive voices and conservatives suggest that victims of crimes do not have the voice in the criminal justice system. In late 1970s and early 1980s activists of feminists and social scholars of legal doctrines paid more attention on making courts and law enforcement officers to be accountable to children and women who may be physically or sexually abused (Marshall, pp22). The groups that advocated for victims right focused on compensation for crime in the processes of courts, using formal voice and on safety of the society. In early 1980s Reagan organization released a report of task force on victims of crimes that facilitated the development of groups that advocated for the rights of the victims. Since 1990s there is a tremendous growth of alliances between groups that focuses on the reforms of criminal justice and victim support. This tremendous growth has been as a result of realizing the common interests among the offenders and victims based groups (Anwander, pp71). In 1980s New Zealand government started reassessing Waitangi treaty focusing on the implications of the relationship between the whites i. e. Pakeha and indigenous people the Maori. In 1986 a report that was prepared by ministers recommended for structural changes in the practices and policies of the government towards the indigenous people (Marshall, pp24). In 1989 the administration had great structural changes in the way matters regarding family welfare and justice for the youths was handled. Before introduction of these changes indigenous people were overrepresented in prisons and jails and decision making processes were dominated by the whites (Meister, pp58). These structural changes employed in youth justice can be used in various juvenile offenses, but mostly they are used in serious cases and minor cases solved trough diversions of police. Family welfare and youth justice programs are different from offenders and victim reconciliation and mediation programs since they involve more community members in the discussion of the offense, pay more attention on participation of the family and recognize more victimized individuals. Family welfare and youth justice programs also reduce the intervention of the state and changes the roles of professionals in problem solving (Marshall, pp26). Youth justice and family welfare programs were introduced first in Australia in late 1991 and formed part of law enforcement operations that focused on one jurisdiction. Conferences run by the police were also introduced in the capital city of Australia and later on the northern states (Meister, pp59). In late 1993 and early 1994, conferences for handling juvenile cases were introduced in the southern and western part of Australia and they were involving non professional police to run the conference. In Queensland and south wale conferences to handle juvenile cases, have been recently introduced and they are mostly employed in Queensland schools (Meister, pp59). Circles of sentencing were established in Canada in 1980s, and were the fist groups of the nation to respond to offenders (Marshall, pp26). The aim and objectives of circles of sentencing are resolution of conflicts, restoring harmony and order, and healing of offenders, victims and family (Anwander, pp73). Circles of sentencing involves processes of consensus and includes all the victims of crimes and families of the victims, their next of kin, and community members in order to respond to the behavior and formulate sanctions that addresses all the needs of those involved. Circles of sentencing are currently being used in United States and in Canada by non indigenous groups that include blacks in Minnesota. Since 1980s, there are other practices which have emerged and use the principles of restorative justice (Marshall, pp27). Compensation boards in Vermont involve the members of the community and design penalties for offenders of juvenile. These penalties involve service of the community and rarely involve offender and victim mediation. The meetings do not involve the victims (Anwander, pp76). Panels of victim impact have also been introduced by mothers and focuses on drunk driving. The panels give a room for the victims and the members of the family to give their suggestions about the impact of driving when drunkard to the offenders who have been ordered by the court to attend. However, these panels for victims are different from most of the processes of restorative justice, since they do not employ voluntary attendance (Marshall, pp29). On the other hand they have an important element of bringing contact of offenders and victims in the process, which lacks in traditional proceedings of criminal justice. These panels are employed extensively across the United States. On the other hand research and theories have contributed to the development of restorative justice. In 1970s scholars of social and legal doctrines developed several theories focusing on formal and informal justice. Theoretical and empirical studies of formal and indformal justice which have been conducted in industrialized countries and in less developed countries suggest that, it took less one decade to change optimism for pessimism. With emergence of theories and research disillusionment had already set in by 1990s (Marshall, pp30). In late 1970s and early 1980s there were arguments from the criminologists in Netherlands, Norway and from elsewhere to abolish prisons. During this time the activists paid more attention on decarceration and alternatives to jails and prisons. However, currently there are few individuals who would argue for complete abolition of prisons although few people argue for their minimal use (Marshall, pp31). In 1996 there was an international conference to address penal abolition held in New Zealand and supported resolutions and discussions to facilitate restorative justice. Scholars have also attempted to focus on the merits of informal methods that can be applied in social set ups to regulate order in the society (Marshall, pp31). This involves reintegrative shaming in response to a crime that may be integrative and not stigmatizing. These ideas have been employed in conferencing models such as in wagga, in Australia. Before the wagga conference these ideas were not included in youth justice and family welfare programs and they did not form part of many conference held across the globe. The united states are currently employing the wagga model, although there are some arguments on the issue of shame and whether it should be the central issue in processes of conferencing (Marshall, pp32).

Getting the Best Essay Topics for Old Man and the Sea

Getting the Best Essay Topics for Old Man and the Sea Essay Topics for Old Man and the Sea It really did feel as a dream. The scenario, however, is very interesting for the section of the old man. The man does not have any doubts about his destination, and this is the place where the magic of perception arrives to action. It is suggested to look for the one which has a superior reputation and offers high-quality papers at very affordable prices. In fact, there is absolutely no food. The land must earn a difference too, in the form of the clouds. The significance of the sea for a setting. The Hidden Gem of Essay Topics for Old Man and the Sea The underlying fact about the social advertising is that they wish to earn a beneficial effect on the society in general, it's the drive to find a better society which makes the foundation and core business of the organizations involved with social advertisements. 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Essay on Diomedes, the True Hero of Homer’s Iliad

Diomedes, the True Hero of The Iliad In The Iliad, written in a 3rd person omniscient point of view, Homer gives a very serious account of the tenth and last year of the Trojan War. It was in Homers account that the very idea of becoming a legendary hero reached its pinnacle; the choice of the better hero was not decided on the events they participated in, but rather by their characteristics. The ancient Greeks had strict criteria for individuals to follow if they were to be seen as heroes. Above all, a man needed to be a skilled warrior, but this was not the only requirement. To be a hero, a warrior had to respect authority, both governmental and religious. The Greeks gave heroes no room for pride. These men were to be modest,†¦show more content†¦However, this fight may have never happened if Athena had not disguised herself as one of Hectors brothers and convinced him to fight (260). That was not enough though, as Athena then helped Achilles win the fight (260-261). This seems to be the case with all of Ac hilles battles. A god, goddess, or gods help him in battle by strengthening and encouraging him and his men, or they rally a Trojan army into entering a futile final battle. Diomedes is also guilty of receiving help from the gods. After praying for Athenas aid, Diomedes proceeds to not only slay Pandaros (who wounded him earlier) and many other Trojans, but also wound Aeneas in his hip and his mother Aphrodite in her hand (60-64). Later on in the same battle, Diomedes thrusts his spear through the belly of Ares, also done with the help of Athena (73). Another example of Diomedes skill comes when he and Odysseus spy on the Trojan camp. Diomedes goes ahead of Odysseus and strikes down so many Trojans that the ground was reddened with blood (124). Even before this, Diomedes prayed again to Athena for help. It seems no Greek warrior could fight their own battles; instead, they requested help from the gods. This fact makes it difficult to discern the better fighter between Achilles and D iomedes, but the common choice would probably be Achilles because of his legendary status and he was the son of an immortal.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Iliad 915 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"In great literature, no scene of violence exists for its own sake.† This is a quote from an AP Literature Exam Essay Question to be answered during the year of 1982. When discussing this quote, thousands of great novels and other texts can be used as evidence to support this line. One such work of literature is Homer’s great epic, The Iliad. This poem, encompassing the telling of the great Trojan War, is one of the best examples of such a text. Throughout the text, it lays before the reader manyRead MoreIliad - Self image1193 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Iliad Essay Prompt 1. Complete one take home essay. Provide textual evidence, specific lines and incidents from The Iliad that proves your thesis. You may also draw from The Odyssey. Use in text parenthetical documentation according to MLA standards. The style guide that many colleges use is DianaHacker.com. We will use this style guide for both MLA format and grammar and mechanics. If you have any questions about MLA format, refer to DianaHacker.com. This paper needs to read asRead MoreExistentialism And Akhilleus : State Of Affairs1182 Words   |  5 Pagesand Akhilleus’ State of Affairs in Homer’s Iliad Existentialism is a philosophy that deals with human existence. This philosophy is a complex subject that asks questions about life that include meaning, purpose, choice, morality, ideology, and individuality. When reading other texts one could easily make connections to existential themes within the book’s literary tropes. Occasionally, some books have an overloaded abundance of existential themes. Homer’s Iliad is one of the books that comprise ofRead MoreDestiny And Freewill : Fate And Destiny1800 Words   |  8 Pages Destiny and Freewill Fate is the driving force in many epic poems, tales, and stories. This is what predetermines where the hero will go, who they are going to meet along their journeys and what they will become. It may lead to a romance so strong that it forces two cities into a war. Whether they go on to live a long life filled with glorious gifts and honour or, whether they die in battle, a glorious death or otherwise. It is these fates and destinies that are strongly woven into the